Introduction to CAD, CAM and CIM

Definitions

CAD

Computers assisting in creation, analysis, modification, and optimization of designs

CAM

Computers assisting in planning, managing, and control of manufacturing (operating the plant can be direct or indirect)

3D CAD data + CNC Machine Parameters $\to$ CAM Software $\to$ Tool path (can be simulated)

CIM

Computers assisting in the total integration of CAD and CAM with other business operations and database

CAE

Computers assisting in analyzing the robustness and performance of components and assemblies through simulation, validation, and optimization

No more destructive tests!

Why CAD/CAM?

Better...

• Productivity (shorter lead time and less personnel)
• Quality and accuracy (less errors in NC part)
• Communication
• Manufacturing database
• Testing/simulation (tool paths)
• Optimization (tool paths)
• Production scheduling
• Shop floor control

Lean Manufacturing

Lean production philosophy = minimize waste + maximize productivity and customer satisfaction

Waste to be minimized

• Defects
• Unnecessary
  • Transportation
  • Motion
• Excess/Over
  • Inventory
  • Processing
  • Production
• Resources
  • Waiting time
  • Unutilized talent

Product Cycle - Design and Manufacturing

Customer/Market requirements $\to$ Product concept $\to$ Design and optimization $\to$ (Drafting, process planning, ordering new equipment, production scheduling) $\to$ Production $\leftarrow \to$ Quality control $\to$ Market/customer

How CAD/CAM helps?

• Concept and design
• Drafting and documentation automation
• Planning and scheduling (higher efficiency)
• Quality control (monitoring, performance tests, inspection)

Lifecycle Model

• $T_2$ and $T_3$ can be less important with large number
• $T_1$ is most important
• In shop $T_2$ and $T_3$ are important due to low quantities
• $T_2$ and $T_3$
  • Improved by automation
  • Improved by CAD/CAM (as well as $T_1$)

Manufacturing Database

• Previous (2-step process: inefficient and time-consuming)
  • Design
  • Process Planning
• Now (CAD/CAM database)
  • A direct link is established between product design and manufacturing

How Does CAD/CAM Work?

• Part geometry
• Tooling
• Process plans
• Tolerances
• Fixtures

Other Software

• Powermill
• FEA
• CADing